Windows Hot Keys

Win Press windows key to open start menu

Win+R Apply to open Run dialog box

Win+M Apply to minimize all opened windows

Win+Shift+M Apply to maximize all opened windows

Win+L Press keys to lock keyboard in windows XP

Win+E Press keys to open My Computer

Win+F Apply to open search options

Win+U Apply keys to open Utility Manager

Win+D To view desktop/minimize all windows

Win+F1 To view the detail windows help page

Win+Pause To view the System Properties dialog box

Win+Tab Move through taskbar programs

Win+F+Ctrl Apply to open search for computers

Alt+Tab Move through opened windows programs

Alt+F4 Press keys to close active windows program

Alt+Enter Apply to open properties of selected item

Alt+ SPACEBAR Open the system menu of active window

Alt+ SPACEBAR +N Press keys to minimize the active program

Alt+ SPACEBAR +R Press keys to restore the active program

Alt+ SPACEBAR+C Press keys to close the active program

Alt+ SPACEBAR+X Press keys to maximize the active program

Alt+ SPACEBAR+M Press keys to move the active program

Ctrl+Alt+Delete Apply to open windows task manager

Ctrl+Shift+Esc Apply to open windows task manager

Ctrl+Esc Press keys to open start menu

Shift Shift key to prevent CD from automatically playing

Shift+Delete To delete items permanently

Windows Run Commands

Application to Open	Run Command
Accessibility Controls	access.cpl
Accessibility Wizard	accwiz
Add Hardware Wizard	hdwwiz.cpl
Add/Remove Programs	appwiz.cpl
Administrative Tools	control admintools
Adobe Acrobat (if installed)	acrobat
Adobe Designer (if installed)	formdesigner
Adobe Distiller (if installed)	acrodist
Adobe ImageReady (if installed)	imageready
Adobe Photoshop (if installed)	photoshop
Automatic Updates	wuaucpl.cpl
Bluetooth Transfer Wizard	fsquirt
Calculator	calc
Certificate Manager	certmgr.msc
Character Map	charmap
Check Disk Utility	chkdsk
Clipboard Viewer	clipbrd
Command Prompt	cmd
Component Services	dcomcnfg
Computer Management	compmgmt.msc
Control Panel	control
Date and Time Properties	timedate.cpl
DDE Shares	ddeshare
Device Manager	devmgmt.msc
Direct X Control Panel (if installed)*	directx.cpl
Direct X Troubleshooter	dxdiag
Disk Cleanup Utility	cleanmgr
Disk Defragment	dfrg.msc
Disk Management	diskmgmt.msc
Disk Partition Manager	diskpart
Display Properties	control desktop
Display Properties	desk.cpl
Display Properties (w/Appearance Tab Preselected)	control color
Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utility	drwtsn32
Driver Verifier Utility	verifier
Event Viewer	eventvwr.msc
Files and Settings Transfer Tool	migwiz
File Signature Verification Tool	sigverif
Findfast	findfast.cpl
Firefox (if installed)	firefox
Folders Properties	folders
Fonts	control fonts
Fonts Folder	fonts
Free Cell Card Game	freecell
Game Controllers	joy.cpl
Group Policy Editor (XP Prof)	gpedit.msc
Hearts Card Game	mshearts
Help and Support	helpctr
HyperTerminal	hypertrm
Iexpress Wizard	iexpress
Indexing Service	ciadv.msc
Internet Connection Wizard	icwconn1
Internet Explorer	iexplore
Internet Properties	inetcpl.cpl
Internet Setup Wizard	inetwiz
IP Configuration (Display Connection Configuration)	ipconfig /all
IP Configuration (Display DNS Cache Contents)	ipconfig /displaydns
IP Configuration (Delete DNS Cache Contents)	ipconfig /flushdns
IP Configuration (Release All Connections)	ipconfig /release
IP Configuration (Renew All Connections)	ipconfig /renew
IP Configuration (Refreshes DHCP & Re-Registers DNS)	ipconfig /registerdns
IP Configuration (Display DHCP Class ID)	ipconfig /showclassid
IP Configuration (Modifies DHCP Class ID)	ipconfig /setclassid
Java Control Panel (if installed)	jpicpl32.cpl
Java Control Panel (if installed)	javaws
Keyboard Properties	control keyboard
Local Security Settings	secpol.msc
Local Users and Groups	lusrmgr.msc
Logs You Out Of Windows	logoff
Malicious Software Removal Tool	mrt
Microsoft Access (if installed)	msaccess
Microsoft Chat	winchat
Microsoft Excel (if installed)	excel
Microsoft Frontpage (if installed)	frontpg
Microsoft Movie Maker	moviemk
Microsoft Paint	mspaint
Microsoft Powerpoint (if installed)	powerpnt
Microsoft Word (if installed)	winword
Microsoft Syncronization Tool	mobsync
Minesweeper Game	winmine
Mouse Properties	control mouse
Mouse Properties	main.cpl
Nero (if installed)	nero
Netmeeting	conf
Network Connections	control netconnections
Network Connections	ncpa.cpl
Network Setup Wizard	netsetup.cpl
Notepad	notepad
Nview Desktop Manager (if installed)	nvtuicpl.cpl
Object Packager	packager
ODBC Data Source Administrator	odbccp32.cpl
On Screen Keyboard	osk
Opens AC3 Filter (if installed)	ac3filter.cpl
Outlook Express	msimn
Paint	pbrush
Password Properties	password.cpl
Performance Monitor	perfmon.msc
Performance Monitor	perfmon
Phone and Modem Options	telephon.cpl
Phone Dialer	dialer
Pinball Game	pinball
Power Configuration	powercfg.cpl
Printers and Faxes	control printers
Printers Folder	printers
Private Character Editor	eudcedit
Quicktime (If Installed)	QuickTime.cpl
Quicktime Player (if installed)	quicktimeplayer
Real Player (if installed)	realplay
Regional Settings	intl.cpl
Registry Editor	regedit
Registry Editor	regedit32
Remote Access Phonebook	rasphone
Remote Desktop	mstsc
Removable Storage	ntmsmgr.msc
Removable Storage Operator Requests	ntmsoprq.msc
Resultant Set of Policy (XP Prof)	rsop.msc
Scanners and Cameras	sticpl.cpl
Scheduled Tasks	control schedtasks
Security Center	wscui.cpl
Services	services.msc
Shared Folders	fsmgmt.msc
Shuts Down Windows	shutdown
Sounds and Audio	mmsys.cpl
Spider Solitare Card Game	spider
SQL Client Configuration	cliconfg
System Configuration Editor	sysedit
System Configuration Utility	msconfig
System File Checker Utility (Scan Immediately)	sfc /scannow
System File Checker Utility (Scan Once At The Next Boot)	sfc /scanonce
System File Checker Utility (Scan On Every Boot)	sfc /scanboot
System File Checker Utility (Return Scan Setting To Default)	sfc /revert
System File Checker Utility (Purge File Cache)	sfc /purgecache
System File Checker Utility (Sets Cache Size to size x)	sfc /cachesize=x
System Information	msinfo32
System Properties	sysdm.cpl
Task Manager	taskmgr
TCP Tester	tcptest
Telnet Client	telnet
Tweak UI (if installed)	tweakui
User Account Management	nusrmgr.cpl
Utility Manager	utilman
Windows Address Book	wab
Windows Address Book Import Utility	wabmig
Windows Backup Utility (if installed)	ntbackup
Windows Explorer	explorer
Windows Firewall	firewall.cpl
Windows Magnifier	magnify
Windows Management Infrastructure	wmimgmt.msc
Windows Media Player	wmplayer
Windows Messenger	msmsgs
Windows Picture Import Wizard (need camera connected)	wiaacmgr
Windows System Security Tool	syskey
Windows Update Launches	wupdmgr
Windows Version (to show which version of windows)	winver
Windows XP Tour Wizard	tourstart
Wordpad	write

1tone crocodile...

Translate and Speak

Translate and Speak

Auto-Implemented Properties in C# 3.0

This is one of the productive changes in C# 3.0 which makes your code more readable without writing more lines for implementing properties. In C# 2.0, we implement properties with get and set accessors for returning (get) a private member’s value and for setting (set) a private members value, like as follows:

 

   class Customer

   {

        private string customerID;

        public string CustomerID

        {

            get { return customerID; }

            set { customerID = value; }

        }

 

        private string contactName;

        public string ContactName

        {

            get { return contactName; }

            set { contactName = value; }

        }

 

        private string city;

        public string City

        {

            get { return city; }

            set { city = value; }

        }

   }

 

So, in the above code you have declared three properties, every time doing the same thing i.e. returning and setting a private members value, which reduces the readability of the code.

 

But in C# 3.0 the same pattern can be implemented in a better way like follows:

 

   class Customer

   {

        public string CustomerID { get; set; }

        public string ContactName { get; set; }

        public string City { get; set; }

   }

 

For the above given code C# Compiler will automatically generate backing fields.

 

But there is a limitation i.e. when we use this kind of syntax for implementing properties we have to implement both get and set accessors.

 

Whereas we can use modifiers today also with Auto implemented properties i.e. you can have properties as follows:

 

   public string CustomerID { get; private set; }

Anonymous Types in C# 3.0

C# 2.0 gave us Anonymous methods which are declared inline and had no formal name, in the same way C# 3.0 gives Anonymous Types which are created with the help of combining ‘var’ (Local Variable Type Inference) and Object Initializers as follows:

 

      var cust = new { CustID = 101, CustName = "Manish" };

 

For the above given code, C# compiler automatically generates a name. Each member of the type i.e. CustID and CustName are the properties taken from the syntax of Object Initializer.

 

Collection Initializers in C# 3.0

With C# 3.0, Collection Initializer is the combination of Collection Classes and Object Initializers. This feature is available for all the objects which are enumerable (i.e. they implement IEnumerable<T>) and have a public ‘Add’ Method to add the value.

   class CEmployee

   {

        private int EmpID;

        public int EID

        {

            get { return EmpID; }

            set { EmpID = value; }

        }

        private string EmpName;

        public string ENAME

        {

            get { return EmpName; }

            set { EmpName = value; }

        }

   }

Using the above given class, if you want to create a List of Employees, then in C# 2.0 the code will be:

   List<CEmployee> Employees = new List<CEmployee>();

   CEmployee e1 = new CEmployee(101, "Rohit Sharma");

// If you have  implemented Constructor

   Employees.Add(e1);

And, if there is no Constructor, then:

   List<CEmployee> Employees = new List<CEmployee>();

   CEmployee e1 = new CEmployee();

   e1.EID = 1;

   e1.ENAME = "Ramesh Sachin";

   Employees.Add(e1);

This is for 1 Employee, now if you want to add 5 Employees, then you have to create them separately and add them in the list one by one.

But in C# 3.0, it is made easier, like below:

   List<CEmployee> Employees = new List<CEmployee>()

   {

        new CEmployee() { EID = 101, ENAME = "Goutham" },

        new CEmployee() { EID = 102, ENAME = "Virat" },

        new CEmployee() { EID = 103, ENAME = "Raina" },

        new CEmployee() { EID = 104, ENAME = "Isanth" },

        new CEmployee() { EID = 105, ENAME = "Mahendar" }

   };

Object Initializers in C# 3.0

Object Initializers

This change in C# 3.0 allows developers to get rid of the constructors they have to write in case of C# 2.0. Say for example in C# 2.0 if you have a class named CEmployee as follows:

   class CEmployee

   {

        private int EmpID;

        public int EID

        {

            get { return EmpID; }

            set { EmpID = value; }

        }

        private string EmpName;

        public string ENAME

        {

            get { return EmpName; }

            set { EmpName = value; }

        }

   }

Now, if you want to initialize the objects at the time of declaration, as follows:

   CEmployee obj1 = new CEmployee(101, "Rohit Sharma");

   CEmployee obj2 = new CEmployee(102);

   CEmployee obj3 = new CEmployee("Rahul");

To write the code shown in the lines above, the developer should write three parameterized constructors inside the CEmployee class as follows:

   public CEmployee(int id, string name)

   {

        EmpID = id;

        EmpName = name;

   }

   public CEmployee(int id)

   {

        EmpID = id;

   }

   public CEmployee(string name)

   {

        EmpName = name;

   }

However in C# 3.0, if you have created properties inside your class as in above given CEmployee class, you do not have to write the constructors anymore. So C# 3.0 gives you this enhancement to write it easily as follows:

   CEmployee obj1 = new CEmployee() { EID = 102, ENAME = "Rahul" };

   CEmployee obj2 = new CEmployee() { EID = 103 };

   CEmployee obj3 = new CEmployee() { ENAME = "Vijay Kumar" };

The above given lines of code are easier to read in respect with C# 2.0 code, but you have to write a bit more code.

New Features of C# 3.0

The changes made in C# 3.0 are as follows:

1. Local Variable Type Inference or Implicitly Typed Local Variables.
2. Object Initializers 
3.       Collection Initializers
4.       Anonymous types
5.       Auto-implemented properties
6. Extension methods
7. Lambda expressions
8.        Query expressions
9. Expression trees
10.         Partial Methods

 Local Variable Type Inference

    var data = 1;

   data = 23.4f;                //Compile time Error

Interestingly ‘var’ can be used in any of the following ways:

Directly associating a value or type:

   var data1 = 10;             // data1 is of type System.Int32

   var data2 = 20.5f;          // data2 is of type System.Single

   var data3 = "Hello";        // data3 is of type System.String

   var data4 = new List<int>(); // data4 is of type Generic List<T>

   var data5 = new CEmployee(); // data5 is an instance of Class CEmployee

Associating with expressions:

     var data6 = 23 + 45;         // data6 is of type System.Int32

Association with methods:

In C# 2.0, if you want to call a method ( GetData( ) ) which returns you an integer, you will write something like this: 

     int data = GetData();

and if GetData() returns you a string, the above written line will throw an error, but now with ‘var’ you can write the same code as follows:

     var data = GetData();

Now even if your GetData() method returns you any type, the above written line need not be changed.

There are some rules associated with ‘var’, which are as follows:

1.    You must initialize ‘var’ type variables with some value or expression.

2.    Once the type is assigned to ‘var’ type variable you cannot change the type of value the variable holds.

3.    ‘var’ cannot be used as a return type of the methods.

var Add(int x,int y);              //Error

4.    ‘var’ cannot be used in argument list of the methods.

int Add(var x,var y);              //Error

5.    The contextual keyword 'var' can only appear within a local variable declaration         i.e. ‘var’ types can be created only inside a method or a block.

Did you know